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An estimated 1.2 billion people, or 16% of the global population, did not have access to electricity in 2015. Therefore, access and the conservation of energy have become critical issues in a country's quest for economic prowess a...
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An estimated 1.2 billion people, or 16% of the global population, did not have access to electricity in 2015. Therefore, access and the conservation of energy have become critical issues in a country's quest for economic prowess and sustainability. This research, therefore, aimed to study the energy-conservation behavior of university students, and compare their energy-saving behavior categorized by gender and university group. The sample of 900 undergraduate students came from 15 Thai public universities under the Office of the Higher Education Commission [OHEC] in the 2013 academic year. The sample was randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The instrument used to collect data in this research was a 5-level rating-scale questionnaire with reliability which was between 0.86-0.94. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test for independent sample and one-way ANOVA. The findings revealed that the students exhibited energy-conservation behavior in a family context at a high level, while energy-conservation behavior for themselves, and for the public was at a moderate level. Male and female students had different energy-conservation behaviors, and students under different university groups had distinct energy-conservation behaviors.
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Significant attention is currently being paid to reducing building energy demand and improving indoor thermal conditions, as required by European directives. In school buildings, a significant part of the winter energy demand is r...
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Significant attention is currently being paid to reducing building energy demand and improving indoor thermal conditions, as required by European directives. In school buildings, a significant part of the winter energy demand is related to high airflow rates required for ventilating classrooms. Moreover, the correlation between comfortable indoor thermal-hygrometric conditions, healthy indoor air quality and satisfying student performance is well known. Few research works have investigated different types of air conditioning systems for typical school buildings, from the point of view of both energy and thermal-hygrometric performances. This kind of analysis is carried out in this paper. A typical school building located in southern Italy is analysed by using dynamic building energy simulation software. Different types of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are simulated for both winter and summer conditions. Indoor air temperature, relative humidity and predicted mean vote values are evaluated. The annual energy requirements, energy costs and related emissions are calculated. Finally, a multi-criteria analysis for the examined HVAC systems is proposed, considering different weighting for the main performance criteria (winter thermal comfort, plant costs, energy costs and emissions), in order to support decision making.
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With its grade II* English Heritage listing, the University of Sheffield's Arts Tower posed a refurbishment challenge. The adopted retrofit solution provides owners of similar properties with a template for an appropriate and sust...
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With its grade II* English Heritage listing, the University of Sheffield's Arts Tower posed a refurbishment challenge. The adopted retrofit solution provides owners of similar properties with a template for an appropriate and sustainable alternative to the customary refurbishment options. This paper demonstrates that a need to preserve the original architectural intentions and functions that characterise these historically important structures does not automatically preclude solutions that accommodate the requirements and expectations of modern building users and operators An understanding of the existing structure, early engagement with conservation officers and sound facade engineering advice were all important in the selection and approval of a strip and re-clad option. This met the strict planning conditions and client objectives, extended the service life of the building by 30 years and was delivered on time and within budget.
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Historic, mixed-use, core urban areas such as Soho in Central London have proved remarkably resilient with building stock that is adaptable to changes of use over time. Such districts contribute significantly to the social fabric ...
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Historic, mixed-use, core urban areas such as Soho in Central London have proved remarkably resilient with building stock that is adaptable to changes of use over time. Such districts contribute significantly to the social fabric and cultural character of cities and are highly valued by their resident and user populations. In the UK, buildings, according to various estimates, contribute between 44 and 52% of the total carbon emissions and there is now considerable pressure to retrofit existing urban areas to make them more environmentally sustainable. The built fabric in the historic areas is relatively energy- and resource-inefficient, although embodied energy and carbon is high owing to the long working life of buildings. At the same time the existing buildings, because of their use, have high energy demands. Guiding retrofitting requires an integrated urban design and management approach at the district or neighbourhood scale that addresses both buildings and urban spaces. A methodology is outlined that meets the needs of cultural preservation while facilitating retrofitting of resource-efficient systems.
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The Home Energy Conservation Support Program in this study was developed by authors, available on the internet. This program was designed to promote residential energy conservation by encouraging family communication and rivalry a...
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The Home Energy Conservation Support Program in this study was developed by authors, available on the internet. This program was designed to promote residential energy conservation by encouraging family communication and rivalry against other families, and to get their energy consumption data sustainably for analysis. This paper describes the results of the program's performance evaluation through its implementation. The program members can obtain evaluation results about their energy consumption by inputting their monthly energy consumption data and also utilize the information obtained to save energy in the future. The estimated reduction rates in energy consumption of members suggest that the program has prompted energy-saving behavior among them, and that energy-saving for "lighting and electric appliances" is harder than for "heating". Additionally, this program demonstrated the possibility of sustained investigation on energy consumption characteristics.
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The demand for polyester production has doubled in recent years. This paper describes energy-efficiency improvements in industrial polyester production through process optimisation, which includes the possibility of fuel savings f...
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The demand for polyester production has doubled in recent years. This paper describes energy-efficiency improvements in industrial polyester production through process optimisation, which includes the possibility of fuel savings for dry saturated steam production. Decreasing fuel consumption in processes with condensate, as well as flue-gas heat recovery, offers process efficiency growth and thermal pollution reduction. Also, the use of solar energy as an energy source is proposed. A solarised process without condensate and flue-gas heat recovery results in a natural gas saving of 61%. Using feed-water preheating together with condensate recovery reduces gas consumption by 66%. Fuel savings of 72% are shown using a solar field collector combined with a feed-water tank and economiser (ECO) for boiler-feed-water preheating, with a positive side effect of flue gases cooling from 204 degrees C to 95 degrees C. With an air preheater for combustion-air preheating together with a solar field and feed-water tank, the fuel saving becomes 71%, while the flue gas temperature diminishes from 204 to 64 degrees C. The hybrid system, which includes a solar collector, boiler feed tank, ECO and air preheater, achieves natural gas saving up to 73% and a flue gas exhaust temperature of just 41 degrees C.
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Considering the importance of energy for social and economic development, access to clean, affordable and reliable energy has been adopted as one of the United Nations sustainable development goals that all countries aim to achiev...
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Considering the importance of energy for social and economic development, access to clean, affordable and reliable energy has been adopted as one of the United Nations sustainable development goals that all countries aim to achieve by 2030. However, much of the world's energy is still produced from fossil fuels and thus the progress towards clean and renewable energy is slow. This paper explores the key challenges towards renewable energy in Gulf Cooperation Council countries blessed with plenty of oil and gas reserves. The key challenges identified through literature review were ranked using a quantitative approach through the data collected from a selective sample across the six countries. These challenges in order of importance were found to be policies and regulations, manpower experience and competencies, renewable energy education, public awareness, costs and incentives for renewable energy and government commitment. The findings could be helpful to decision makers and government organisations in the region to develop strategies to overcome these identified challenges.
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Since 'Low Carbon and Green Growth' was published in 2008, the South Korean government has attempted to achieve fuel energy savings and carbon dioxide reduction for the housing sector. The green housing regulation established in 2...
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Since 'Low Carbon and Green Growth' was published in 2008, the South Korean government has attempted to achieve fuel energy savings and carbon dioxide reduction for the housing sector. The green housing regulation established in 2009 required all construction companies to build new housing with 15% total energy savings compared with housing built before 2008. The authors surveyed the annual heating and hot water consumption data for 795 housing units with 84m2 net area in two estates to determine the energy savings gap between design performance and actual performance. After adjustment for outside temperature influence, the thermal energy (heating and hot water) savings gap was calculated to be about 17% in both the middle and south areas of South Korea. The analysed data in this study will be used with feedback data to design future green housing and will serve to amend the government policy of energy savings of 40% in 2015 and 70% in 2018, and to analyse the cost benefit for residents.
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Packed beds are the most commonly used storage systems in solar thermal power plant. Most of the experimental studies carried out in this field use air as heat-transfer fluid (HTF). Therefore, an experimental study on packed-bed s...
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Packed beds are the most commonly used storage systems in solar thermal power plant. Most of the experimental studies carried out in this field use air as heat-transfer fluid (HTF). Therefore, an experimental study on packed-bed storage system using water and oil as HTFs is conducted in this paper to observe the behaviour of storage tanks with different HTFs. Concrete spheres of 6 cm diameter were used as storage materials arranged in rhombohedral arrangement (epsilon =0.28). The variation in the surface temperature of storage materials was observed for both water and oil as HTF and at three different volume flow rates. It has been observed that the increment in temperature was faster when water was used as HTF as compared to oil as HTF. It was also found that the increment at lower volume flow rate was higher due to more contact time of HTF with the storage materials. The temperature was found to decrease first along the axis but at the bottom it again starts increasing due to storage of HTF in the lower plenum of the storage tank.
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